Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between
plasmalemmal ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied …

Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability, which is the
foundation of nervous system function. This inhibition is largely mediated by the …

With few exceptions biological tissues strongly scatter light, making high-resolution deep
imaging impossible for traditional—including confocal—fluorescence microscopy. Nonlinear …

In the immature brain, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is excitatory, and GABA-releasing
synapses are formed before glutamatergic contacts in a wide range of species and …

This critical review provides an overview of the continually expanding family of fluorescent
proteins (FPs) that have become essential tools for studies of cell biology and physiology …

Fluorescent probes are one of the cornerstones of real-time imaging of live cells and a
powerful tool for cell biologists. They provide high sensitivity and great versatility while …

Develo** networks follow common rules to shift from silent cells to coactive networks that
operate via thousands of synapses. This review deals with some of these rules and in …

Synaptic inhibition is based on both tonic and phasic release of the inhibitory transmitter γ-
aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although phasic GABA release arises from Ca2+-dependent …

Abstract The K+-Cl− cotransporter KCC2 is responsible for maintaining low Cl−
concentration in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), which is essential for …