Abstract Context Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed over the past several
decades. Several related AI approaches, such as Machine Learning (ML), have been …

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is intensifying with increasing urbanization. As an
important representation of the UHI effect and the urban thermal environment, it is critical to …

Variation in urban microclimate is closely related to the three-dimensional characteristics of
cities. To reveal the influence of urban spatial forms on land surface temperature (LST), the …

Numerous studies have explored multiple factors that affect the urban thermal environment.
Most current studies focus on establishing the holistic quantitative relationships between the …

Urban landscape structure has profound impacts on the urban thermal environment (UTE),
however, the spatial hierarchy and interaction effects of the relationship between them are …

Excessive heat in urban areas affects thermal comfort and livability. In order to improve local
thermal environment, correlations patterns between urban features and land surface …

With the continuous development of urbanization, two-dimensional (2D) landscape pattern
is insufficient to explain the complex urban thermal phenomenon, while three-dimensional …

Previous studies have extensively revealed the essential impact of urban morphology on the
local thermal environment, but the nonlinear relationship has not yet been fully understood …

Deduction of urban green space (UGS) and the multidimensional growth of building have
exacerbated the urban heat island (UHI). Yet thorough investigations into how 3D building …

Urban heat island (UHI) effects in core areas of megacities pose significant challenges to
human health, energy consumption, and air quality. Investigating the relationship between …