Abstract Context Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed over the past several
decades. Several related AI approaches, such as Machine Learning (ML), have been …

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is intensifying with increasing urbanization. As an
important representation of the UHI effect and the urban thermal environment, it is critical to …

Intense and rapid urbanization is accompanied by expansion, with both planar and height
changes in the urban landscape influencing urban energy consumption, local climate, and …

Variation in urban microclimate is closely related to the three-dimensional characteristics of
cities. To reveal the influence of urban spatial forms on land surface temperature (LST), the …

Rapid urbanization intensifies the urban heat island (UHI) effect, leading to a multitude of
urban challenges. It is important to conduct comprehensive research to understand the …

Excessive heat in urban areas affects thermal comfort and livability. In order to improve local
thermal environment, correlations patterns between urban features and land surface …

Numerous studies have explored multiple factors that affect the urban thermal environment.
Most current studies focus on establishing the holistic quantitative relationships between the …

The nighttime thermal environment affects people's nighttime leisure activities and energy
consumption. While increasing studies have examined the interplay between urban …

With the continuous development of urbanization, two-dimensional (2D) landscape pattern
is insufficient to explain the complex urban thermal phenomenon, while three-dimensional …

Optimizing the urban spatial form to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect is considered
an efficient technical approach. This study focused on district-scale UHIs in typical high …