Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and
have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly …

Sphingomyelin (SM) is a dominant sphingolipid in membranes of mammalian cells and this
lipid class is specifically enriched in the plasma membrane, the endocytic recycling …

Cnidarians are the oldest extant lineage of venomous animals. Despite their simple
anatomy, they are capable of subduing or repelling prey and predator species that are far …

Pore-forming toxins (PFT) are water-soluble proteins that possess the remarkable ability to
self-assemble on the membrane of target cells, where they form pores causing cell damage …

Pore-forming protein toxins (PFTs) are one of Nature's most potent biological weapons. An
essential feature of their toxicity is the remarkable property that PFTs can exist either in a …

Sphingomyelin and cholesterol are essential lipids that are enriched in plasma membranes
of animal cells, where they interact to regulate membrane properties and many intracellular …

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are key virulence determinants produced and secreted by a
variety of human bacterial pathogens. They disrupt the plasma membrane (PM) by …

Many plant pathogens secrete toxins that enhance microbial virulence by killing host cells.
Usually, these toxins are produced by particular microbial taxa, such as bacteria or fungi. In …

Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) interact with lipid bilayers to compromise membrane integrity.
Many PFPs function by inserting a ring of oligomerized subunits into the bilayer to form a …

Sea anemones produce venoms of exceptional molecular diversity, with at least 17 different
molecular scaffolds reported to date. These venom components have traditionally been …