The classic fight-or-flight response to perceived threat is a reflexive nervous phenomenon
thai has obvious survival advantages in evolutionary terms. However, the systems that …

Childhood maltreatment is a stressor that can lead to the development of behavior problems
and affect brain structure and function. This review summarizes the current evidence for the …

Anxiety disorders are a significant problem in the community, and recent neuroimaging
research has focused on determining the brain circuits that underlie them. Research on the …

Neuropsychological approaches represent an important avenue for identifying susceptibility
and resiliency factors relating to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress …

Objective: The study of human anxiety disorders has benefited greatly from functional
neuroimaging approaches. Individual studies, however, vary greatly in their findings. The …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric syndrome that develops after exposure
to terrifying and life-threatening events including warfare, motor-vehicle accidents, and …

The neurobiological mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment heightens vulnerability
to psychopathology remain poorly understood. It is likely that a complex interaction between …

Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and
prefrontal cortex. Traumatic stress can be associated with lasting changes in these brain …

The last decade of neuroimaging research has yielded important information concerning the
structure, neurochemistry, and function of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and …

The prevailing neurocircuitry models of anxiety disorders have been amygdalocentric in
form. The bases for such models have progressed from theoretical considerations …