Comparative analyses of avian energetics often involve the implicit assumption that basal
metabolic rate (BMR) is a fixed, taxon-specific trait. However, in most species that have been …

Small birds inhabiting regions with cold winter climates show seasonally flexible metabolic
phenotypes, with the winter phenotype characterized by increments of summit metabolic rate …

The influence of seasonal changes in temperature and climate on metabolic rates in birds
has been a topic of interest to ornithologists and ecophysiologists for decades (eg, Hart …

Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) show behavioral adaptations (food caching,
cavity roosting) and can undergo regulated bouts of nocturnal hypothermia, both of which …

Seasonal acclimatization and experimental acclimation to cold in birds typically results from
increased shivering endurance and elevated thermogenic capacity leading to improved …

Trends during summer and winter in body mass and composition, insulation, body
temperature, and metabolism were investigated in seasonally acclimatized Dark-eyed …

Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for survival of small
passerines of the northern temperate zone. Changes in photoperiod, ambient temperature …

The roles of ultimate and proximate factors in regulating basal and summit metabolic rates of
passerine birds during winter have received little study, and the extent to which winter …

Small birds showing marked seasonal changes in cold tolerance also exhibit winter
increases in summit metabolic rate (M sum= maximum cold-induced thermogenesis or …

Summit metabolic rate (Msum, maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) is positively
correlated with cold tolerance in birds, suggesting that high Msum is important for residency …