Background The growing interest in exoscopic (EX) technology has prompted a
comprehensive evaluation of its clinical, functional, and financial outcomes in neurosurgery …

Over the past century, neuroendoscopy developed into a mainstay of neurosurgical practice,
allowing for minimally invasive approaches to the ventricles, skull base, and spine. Its …

Objective The risk of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) increases over years of practice which
may lead to career‐ending among surgeons. Exoscopes represent a new generation of …

BACKGROUND: Measuring intraoperative forces in real time can provide feedback
mechanisms to improve patient safety and surgical training. Previous force monitoring has …

Purpose Digital 3D exoscopes have been recently introduced as an alternative to a surgical
microscope in microneurosurgery. We designed a laboratory training program to facilitate …

Background: Robotic-assisted peripheral nerve surgery (RASPN) has emerged as a
promising advancement in microsurgery, offering enhanced precision and tremor reduction …

Reoperation for recurrent papillary thyroid cancer (RPTC) is much more complex than
primary surgery is, with a higher rate of complications. We describe, for the first time, the use …

Background The exoscope has emerged as an efficacious microscope in adult spinal
neurosurgery providing improved operative field visibility and surgeon ergonomics …

Objective: Microsurgery necessitates precision and skill, with conventional methods often
leading to surgeon discomfort due to prolonged static postures. The introduction of robot …

Microsurgery serves as the foundation for numerous operative procedures. Given its highly
technical nature, the assessment of surgical skill becomes an essential component of …