Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

The global sediment cycle is a fundamental feature of the Earth system, balancing
competing factors such as orogeny, physical–chemical erosion and human action. In this …

Several previous studies have investigated changes in insect biodiversity, with some
highlighting declines and others showing turnover in species composition without net …

The risks of climate change are enormous, threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions to
billions of people. The economic consequences of many of the complex risks associated …

The hydrological cycle is expected to intensify with global warming, which likely increases
the intensity of extreme precipitation events and the risk of flooding. The changes, however …

Adaptive management of crop growing periods by adjusting sowing dates and cultivars is
one of the central aspects of crop production systems, tightly connected to local climate …

Renewable energy resources, which depend on climate, may be susceptible to future
climate change. Here we use climate and integrated assessment models to estimate this …

Abstract During the period 2018–2020, Europe experienced a series of hot and dry weather
conditions with significant socioeconomic and environmental consequences. Yet, the …

Interactions between soil quality and climate change may influence the capacity of
croplands to produce sufficient food. Here, we address this issue by using a new dataset of …

Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM2. 5) air
pollution in recent years, primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions. However, reaching the …