Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of
pancreatic β-cell mass via apoptosis. The onset of T1DM depends on environmental factors …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on structure and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6),
which is a cytokine with pleiotropic activities that plays a central role in host defense. IL-6 …

The aim of this paper is to review the information on type 1 and type 2 diabetes with
emphasis on its etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology via literature review. Diabetes …

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disorder that results from
autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Much has been …

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) exerts pleiotropic effects, including antiviral activity, stimulation of
macrophages and natural killer cells, and increased expression of major histocompatibility …

CD4+ T cells in the mouse can be subdivided into two fractions based on the level of
expression of the CD45RB determinant. Previous studies have shown that these subsets are …

Interferon-γ-inducing factor (IGIF, interleukin-18) is a recently described cytokine that shares
structural features with the inter-leukin-1 (IL-1) family of proteins and functional properties …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6), which was originally identified as a B-cell differentiation factor, is now
known to be a multifunctional cytokine that regulates the immune response, hematopoiesis …

Ten years have passed since the molecular cloning of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in 1986. IL-6 is a
typical cytokine, exhibiting functional pleiotropy and redundancy. IL-6 is involved in the …

Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic
disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in …