To date, six clinical trials have explored the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
against HIV infection using oral tenofovir and/or emtricitabine/tenofovir [1–6]. Efficacy ranged …

Abstract Purpose of Review Traditional methods to assess antiretroviral adherence, such as
self-report, pill counts, and pharmacy refill data, may be inaccurate in determining actual pill …

This book builds on and is a sequel to our book Targeted Learning: Causal Inference for
Observational and Experimental Studies (2011). Since the publication of this first book on …

Background: A benchmark of near-perfect adherence (≥ 95%) to antiretroviral therapy
(ART) is often cited as necessary for HIV viral suppression. However, given newer, more …

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Considered the most comprehensive handbook in the field, this rich resource reviews the
biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health, health behavior, and illness …

We consider estimation of the effect of a multiple time point intervention on an outcome of
interest, where the intervention nodes are subject to time-dependent confounding by …

Collaborative double robust targeted maximum likelihood estimators represent a
fundamental further advance over standard targeted maximum likelihood estimators of a …

Background: Switching to raltegravir in selected patients treated with ritonavir-boosted
protease inhibitors may result in similar efficacy and lower plasma lipids. Methods: SPIRAL …

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals exhibit residual
inflammation regardless of virologic suppression. We evaluated whether suboptimal …