This review paper discusses the role of haptics within virtual medical training applications,
particularly, where it can be used to aid a practitioner to learn and practice a task. The …

Background Since simulators offer important advantages, they are increasingly used in
medical education and medical skills training that require physical actions. A wide variety of …

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two contemporary simulation models that
are currently upgrading medical education. VR provides a 3D and dynamic view of …

Purpose The aim of this work is to determine face validity and construct validity of a new
virtual-reality-based simulator for diagnostic and therapeutic knee arthroscopy. Methods The …

Background: Work-hour restrictions as set forth by the Accreditation Council for Graduate
Medical Education (ACGME) and other governing bodies have forced training programs to …

Purpose Virtual reality simulator training has become important for acquiring arthroscopic
skills. A new simulator for knee arthroscopy ArthroS™ has been developed. The purpose of …

Objective Observing experts constitutes an important and common learning experience for
surgical residents before operating under direct guidance. However, studies suggest that …

Purpose This study was to determine face and construct validity of a new virtual reality-
based shoulder arthroscopy simulator which uses passive haptic feedback. Methods Fifty …

Background Some commercial simulators are available for training basic arthroscopic skills.
However, it is unclear if these simulators allow training for their intended purposes and …

Background and Objectives: Freehand distal interlocking of intramedullary nails is
technically demanding and prone to handling issues. It requires precise placement of a …