The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved
rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and …

As energy storage devices, supercapacitors that are also called electrochemical capacitors
possess high power density, excellent reversibility and long cycle life. The recent boom in …

Realization of advanced bio-interactive electronic devices requires mechanically compliant
sensors with the ability to detect extremely large strain. Here, we design a new …

Carbon is one of the basic elements for life on Earth. It exists in diverse allotropic forms while
being different in chemical and physical properties. The best well-known natural allotropes …

Graphitic carbon nitride with ordered two-dimensional structure displays multiple properties,
including tunable structure, suitable bandgap, high stability, and facile synthesis. Many …

Electrochemical actuators directly converting electrical energy to mechanical energy are
critically important for artificial intelligence. However, their energy transduction efficiency is …

As promising candidates in the field of artificial muscles, ionic‐polymer–metal composites
(IPMCs) still cannot simultaneously provide large deformations and fast responses, which …

Recently, soft actuators have been found to have great potential for various applications due
to their ability to be mechanically reconfigured in response to external stimuli. However, the …

Conspectus Flexible symmetric supercapacitors (FSSs) have received enormous attention in
energy storage and conversion areas by virtue of their superior flexibility, high power …

Soft electro-chemo-mechanical actuators have received enormous interest in biomimetic
technologies, wearable electronics, and microelectromechanical systems due to their low …