Volatile organic compounds are important mediators of mutualistic interactions between
plants and their physical and biological surroundings. Volatiles rapidly indicate competition …

Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular
mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of …

Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant
productivity in managed and natural vegetation. In response to attack, plants have evolved a …

Biological toxins are entrenched within ecosystems. Thus, animals are often exposed to
such toxins, and how they adapt can be a key determinant of their evolutionary trajectories …

There is always a silent war between plants and herbivorous insects that we are rarely privy
to. In this silent war, chemicals act as both weapons and messengers. Insect–plant co …

Plant secondary metabolites (PSM s) are ubiquitous in plants and play many ecological
roles. Each compound can vary in presence and/or quantity, and the composition of the …

Plants have evolved a plethora of secondary chemicals to protect themselves against
herbivores and pathogens, some of which have been used historically for pest management …

Cardenolides are remarkable steroidal toxins that have become model systems, critical in
the development of theories for chemical ecology and coevolution. Because cardenolides …

Abstract Plants emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is involved in a wide class
of ecological functions, as VOCs play a crucial role in plants interactions with biotic and …