Motivational processes underlie behaviors that enrich the human experience, and
impairments in motivation are commonly observed in psychiatric illness. While motivated …

In 2020, the World Health Organization formally recognized addiction to digital technology
(connected devices) as a worldwide problem, where excessive online activity and internet …

Bioelectronics is a hot research topic, yet an important tool, as it facilitates the creation of
advanced medical devices that interact with biological systems to effectively diagnose …

Deep brain stimulation has been extensively studied as a therapeutic option for treatment-
resistant depression (TRD). DBS across different targets is associated with on average 60 …

Leading biological hypotheses propose that biological changes may underlie major
depressive disorder onset and relapse/recurrence. Here, we investigate if there is …

Objective: A role for aberrant reward processing in the pathogenesis of depression has long
been proposed. However, no review has yet examined its role in depression by integrating …

In the past decades, reductionism has dominated both research directions and funding
policies in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The intense search for the biological basis of …

Pleasure is mediated by well-developed mesocorticolimbic circuitry and serves adaptive
functions. In affective disorders, anhedonia (lack of pleasure) or dysphoria (negative affect) …

The idea that memory is stored in the brain as physical alterations goes back at least as far
as Plato, but further conceptualization of this idea had to wait until the 20 th century when …

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) create closed-loop control systems that interact with the
brain by recording and modulating neural activity and aim to restore lost function, most …