Currently, metformin is the first-line medication to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in
most guidelines and is used daily by> 200 million patients. Surprisingly, the mechanisms …

Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the
first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of …

Caloric restriction that promotes weight loss is an effective strategy for treating non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Despite its …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the TGFβ superfamily
whose expression is increased in response to cellular stress and disease as well as by …

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

Metformin, the world's most prescribed anti-diabetic drug, is also effective in preventing type
2 diabetes in people at high risk,. More than 60% of this effect is attributable to the ability of …

Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) family
of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if …

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological …

Cancer cachexia is a highly prevalent condition associated with poor quality of life and
reduced survival. Tumor-induced perturbations in the endocrine, immune and nervous …

Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an inflammation-associated hormone with
poorly defined biology. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in bacterial and viral …