▪ Abstract In vitro selection allows rare functional RNA or DNA molecules to be isolated from
pools of over 1015 different sequences. This approach has been used to identify RNA and …

Pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotes requires joining together the nucleotides of the various
mRNA-coding regions (exons) after recognizing them from the normally vastly superior …

Background Secondary structure forms an important intermediate level of description of
nucleic acids that encapsulates the dominating part of the folding energy, is often well …

Computer codes for computation and comparison of RNA secondary structures, the Vienna
RNA paCKage, are presented, that are based on dynamic programming algorithms and aim …

RNA folding is viewed here as a map assigning secondary structures to sequences. At fixed
chain length the number of sequences far exceeds the number of structures. Frequencies of …

An algorithm is presented for generating rigorously all suboptimal secondary structures
between the minimum free energy and an arbitrary upper limit. The algorithm is particularly …

RNA folding from sequences into secondary structures is a simple yet powerful,
biophysically grounded model of a genotype–phenotype map in which concepts like …

The history of life involves countless evolutionary innovations, a steady stream of ingenuity
that has been flowing for more than 3 billion years. Very little is known about the principles of …

We evaluate Sewall Wright's three‐phase “shifting balance” theory of evolution, examining
both the theoretical issues and the relevant data from nature and the laboratory. We …

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation in
man. Genes containing one or more SNPs can give rise to two or more allelic forms of …