Maintaining the chemical integrity of DNA in the face of assault by oxidizing agents is a
constant challenge for living organisms. Base-excision repair has an important role in …

Ever since their introduction two decades ago, single-molecule (SM) fluorescence methods
have matured and branched out to address numerous biological questions, which were …

Transcription factors regulate gene expression through their binding to DNA. In a living
Escherichia coli cell, we directly observed specific binding of a lac repressor, labeled with a …

p53 is primarily known as a downstream transcriptional effector in the DNA damage-
response cascade. We report that endogenous p53 rapidly accumulates at DNA damage …

This perspective reviews the many dimensions of base excision repair from a 10,000 foot
vantage point and provides one person's view on where the field is headed. Enzyme …

Gene expression originates from individual DNA molecules within living cells. Like many
single-molecule processes, gene expression and regulation are stochastic, that is, sporadic …

DNA is continuously attacked by reactive species that can affect its structure and function
severely. Structural modifications to DNA mainly arise from modifications in its bases that …

Since their first demonstration of manipulation and mechanical coiling of a single DNA
molecule, magnetic tweezers have become a popular and widely used single-molecule …

Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate the expression of genes by binding
sequence-specific sites on the chromosome. It has been proposed that to find these sites …

A number of vital biological processes rely on fast and precise recognition of a specific DNA
sequence (site) by a protein. How can a protein find its site on a long DNA molecule among …