The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is the primary regulatory
module of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress …

Research on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and in particular on gelatinase B, alias MMP-
9, has grown exponentially in the decade 2003–2012. Structural details about flexibility of …

The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of
proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on …

Cells are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and have to decide 'to
be or not to be'depending on the types and strength of stress. Among the many signaling …

The androgen receptor (AR) is a key regulator of prostate growth and the principal drug
target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Previous studies have mapped AR targets and …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (also called MKP-1,
DUSP1, ERP, CL100, HVH1, PTPN10, and 3CH134) is a member of the threonine-tyrosine …

Four distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways involving 7 MEK enzymes have been
identified. MEK1 and MEK2 are the prototype members of MEK family proteins. Several MEK …

Recent studies suggest that knowledge of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNA) in
cancer may have substantial diagnostic and prognostic value. Here, we use a direct …

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also termed big mitogen-activated protein
kinase-1 (BMK1), is the most recently identified member of the mitogen-activated protein …

While conventional MAP kinase pathways are one of the most highly studied signal
transduction molecules, less is known about the MEK5 signaling pathway. This pathway has …