The discovery that transient elevations of calcium concentration occur in astrocytes, and
release'gliotransmitters' which act on neurons and vascular smooth muscle, led to the idea …

The identification of the presence of active signaling between astrocytes and neurons in a
process termed gliotransmission has caused a paradigm shift in our thinking about brain …

Noradrenaline (NA) release from the locus coeruleus (LC) changes activity and connectivity
in neuronal networks across the brain, modulating multiple behavioral states. NA release is …

INTRODUCTION Astrocytes translate incoming information and generate functional outputs
via Ca2+ signaling. Thereby, they respond to neuronal activity, producing downstream …

Active neurons increase their energy supply by dilating nearby arterioles and capillaries.
This neurovascular coupling underlies blood oxygen level–dependent functional imaging …

Blood flow in the brain is regulated by neurons and astrocytes. Knowledge of how these
cells control blood flow is crucial for understanding how neural computation is powered, for …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique view of the working
human mind. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects …

Neuronal activity results in increased blood flow in the brain, a response named functional
hyperemia. Astrocytes play an important role in mediating this response. Neurotransmitters …

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that are crucial for proper brain
development and function. Three major classes of glia in the central nervous system (CNS) …

In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons arise from stem and progenitor cell
division, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Adult-generated neurons are sensitive …