Perforin/granzyme-induced apoptosis is the main pathway used by cytotoxic lymphocytes to
eliminate virus-infected or transformed cells. Studies in gene-disrupted mice indicate that …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) provide potent defences against virus infection and
intracellular pathogens. However, CTLs have a dark side—their lytic machinery can be …

In the past decade, basic studies in animal models have begun to elucidate the
physiological barriers which impede a successful antitumor immune response. These …

The granzymes are cell death–inducing enzymes, stored in the cytotoxic granules of
cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, that are released during granule exocytosis …

Because of the large preexisting antigenic load and immunosuppressive environment within
a tumor, inducing therapeutically useful antitumor immunity in cancer patients requires the …

Cross-priming is an important mechanism to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for
immune defence against viruses and tumours. Although it was discovered more than 25 …

The testis must create and maintain an immune privileged environment to protect maturing
germ cells from autoimmune destruction. The establishment of this protective environment is …

Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate effectors in immunity. NK cells also have a role
in the regulation of the adaptive immune response, and have been shown, in different …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating heterogeneous disease
characterised by unregulated proteolytic destruction of lung tissue mediated via a protease …

Cancer therapies kill tumors either directly or indirectly by evoking immune responses and
have been combined with varying levels of success. Here, we describe a paradigm to …