Ornaments, weapons and aggressive behaviours may evolve in female animals by mate
choice and intrasexual competition for mating opportunities—the standard forms of sexual …

Although a small set of external factors account for much of the spatial variation in plant and
animal diversity, the search continues for general drivers of variation in parasite species …

A focus on novel, confirmatory, and statistically significant results leads to substantial bias in
the scientific literature. One type of bias, known as “p-hacking,” occurs when researchers …

Meta-analysis has changed the way researchers conduct literature reviews not only in
medical and social sciences but also in biological sciences. Meta-analysis in biological …

The first comprehensive review of all aspects of the biology of moult, drawing information
from across the literature and in all birds, from penguins to passerines. Feathers are …

The signalling function of melanin‐based colouration is debated. Sexual selection theory
states that ornaments should be costly to produce, maintain, wear or display to signal quality …

META-ANALYSIS USES SUMMARY STATISTICS like effect sizes to combine information
from multiple studies. Yet a common problem encountered when collecting information for …

Mangroves are among the most productive ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions.
Historically, mangroves are assumed to support artisanal fisheries, leading decision‐makers …

Birds exhibit remarkable variation in plumage patterns, both within individual feathers and
among plumage patches. Differences in the size, shape, and location of pigments and …

Colourful traits in females are suggested to have evolved and be maintained by sexual
selection. Although several studies have evaluated this idea, support is still equivocal …