Opioid use in chronic pain treatment is complex, as patients may derive both benefit and
harm. Identification of individuals currently using opioids in a problematic way is important …

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent both in this country and
worldwide. Consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity …

Background Many patients having discretionary orthopaedic surgery take opioids daily,
either with a prescription or illicitly, however little is known regarding the prevalence and …

10, 30, 34, 39, 41-43, 61, 71-73, 77, 78). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criteria for substance abuse include …

Converging lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of pain is mediated to a
substantial degree via allostatic neuroadaptations in reward-and stress-related brain …

Objective Prescription opioid use and deaths related to serious toxicity, including overdose,
have increased dramatically in the United States since 1999. However, factors associated …

A central question in prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is how to best
balance the risk of opioid abuse and dependence with the benefits of pain relief. To achieve …

Background The use of opioids in the long‐term management of chronic low‐back pain
(CLBP) has increased dramatically. Despite this trend, the benefits and risks of these …

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for opioid abuse/dependence in
long-term users of opioids for chronic pain, including risk factors for opioid …

Objective. A panel of experts in pain medicine and public policy convened to examine root
causes and risk factors for opioid-related poisoning deaths and to propose …