In this article, we review clinical research using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a change-
detection response of the brain elicited even in the absence of attention or behavioural task …

Cognition is often affected in a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurological, and
neurodevelopmental disorders. The neural discriminative response, reflected in mismatch …

Learning to read proceeds smoothly for most children, yet others struggle to translate verbal
language into its written form. Poor readers often have a host of auditory, linguistic, and …

Developmental dyslexia is a specific reading and spelling deficit [1] affecting 4% to 10% of
the population [2, 3]. Advances in understanding its origin support a core deficit in …

Several previous studies have used mismatch negativity (MMN) to examine the auditory
processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia. However, researchers have not clearly …

Humans weave phonological patterns instinctively. We form phonological patterns at birth,
we spontaneously generate them de novo, and we impose phonological design on both our …

In this article, we present a new view on the nature of cognitive processes suggesting that
there is a common core, viz., automatic sensory–cognitive processes that form the basis for …

Children show an enormous capacity to learn during development, but with large individual
differences in the time course and trajectory of learning and the achieved skill level. Recent …

In transparent alphabetic languages, the expected standard for complete acquisition of letter–
speech sound associations is within one year of reading instruction. The neural mechanisms …

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is the electrophysiological change-detection response of the
brain. MMN is stimulated when there is any discernible change to a repetitive sequence of …