The gut microbiota has been found to interact with the brain through the microbiota–gut–
brain axis, regulating various physiological processes. In recent years, the impacts of the gut …

Scholars have argued for centuries that affective states involve interoception, or
representations of the state of the body. Yet, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how …

Decades of neuroimaging studies have shown modest differences in brain structure and
connectivity in depression, hindering mechanistic insights or the identification of risk factors …

We develop soft and stretchable fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers that enable
optogenetic modulation of peripheral nerves in naturally behaving animals during persistent …

The transmission of the heartbeat through the cerebral vascular system causes intracranial
pressure pulsations. We discovered that arterial pressure pulsations can directly modulate …

Electrode-based electrical stimulation underpins several clinical bioelectronic devices,
including deep-brain stimulators, and cardiac pacemakers. However, leadless multisite …

Interoception, the sensing of internal bodily signals, is intricately linked with the experience
of emotions. Various theoretical models of emotion incorporate aspects of interoception as a …

Sleep is integral to cardiovascular health 1, 2. Yet, the circuits that connect cardiovascular
pathology and sleep are incompletely understood. It remains unclear whether cardiac injury …

Climate and environmental changes threaten human mental health, but the impacts of
specific environmental conditions on neuropsychiatric disorders remain largely unclear …

The brain is always intrinsically active, using energy at high rates while cycling through
global functional modes. Awake brain modes are tied to corresponding behavioural states …