Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate the rewarding actions of
nicotine contained in tobacco that establish and maintain the smoking habit. nAChRs also …

Tobacco smoking results in more than five million deaths each year and accounts for∼ 90%
of all deaths from lung cancer. Nicotine, the major reinforcing component of tobacco smoke …

Reprogrammed glucose metabolism of enhanced aerobic glycolysis (or the Warburg effect)
is known as a hallmark of cancer. The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in regulating …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) had long been referred to as the" geneticist's nightmare." Genome-
wide association studies have fully confirmed the polygenic nature of T2D, demonstrating …

Genome-wide association studies have revealed> 60 loci associated with type 2 diabetes
(T2D), but the underlying causal variants and functional mechanisms remain largely elusive …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone secreted primarily from the intestinal
L-cells in response to meals, modulates nutrient homeostasis via actions exerted in multiple …

OBJECTIVE Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms are strongly associated
with type 2 diabetes, but controversially with plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease …

The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in metabolic homeostasis has drawn our intensive
attention, especially after the genome-wide association study discovery that certain …

As a cellular energy sensor and regulator, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated
protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in both …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by β cell dysfunction and loss. Single
nucleotide polymorphisms in the T-cell factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, associated with T2D …