Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, reflecting
profound disease heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Over the last …

Cancer is a dynamic disease. During the course of disease, cancers generally become more
heterogeneous. As a result of this heterogeneity, the bulk tumour might include a diverse …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of
fundamentally different diseases with different histologic, genomic, and immunologic …

Metastases account for the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, yet this complex
process remains the least understood aspect of cancer biology. As the body of research …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth
factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K …

Intratumor heterogeneity, which fosters tumor evolution, is a key challenge in cancer
medicine. Here, we review data and technologies that have revealed intra-tumor …

Improvements in genomic and molecular methods are expanding the range of potential
applications for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), both in a research setting and as a'liquid …

Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment is essential for
understanding mechanisms of cancer progression and immunotherapy response. We …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Here we
analysed 1,644 tumour regions sampled at surgery or during follow-up from the first 421 …

Advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis have translated
into knowledge-based therapies directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets …