The term ferroptosis was coined in 2012 to describe an iron-dependent regulated form of
cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species; this type of …

The process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterized by distinct
morphological characteristics and energy-dependent biochemical mechanisms. Apoptosis is …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is tremendously important for mammalian immunity and cellular
homeostasis. The role of TNF as a master regulator in balancing cell survival, apoptosis and …

The mechanism of apoptosis has been extensively characterized over the past decade, but
little is known about alternative forms of regulated cell death. Although stimulation of the …

This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant
cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of …

Cell death is achieved by two fundamentally different mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis.
Apoptosis is dependent on caspase activation, whereas the caspase-independent necrotic …

TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces either cell proliferation or cell death. Inhibition of
NF-κB activation increases susceptibility to TNFα-induced death, concurrent with sustained …

Abstract Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3, or RIP3) is an essential protein in the
“programmed” and “regulated” cell death pathway called necroptosis. Necroptosis is …

Apoptosis is the principal mechanism by which cells are physiologically eliminated in
metazoan organisms. During apoptotic death, cells are neatly carved up by caspases and …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …