Varroa destructor is the most important ectoparasite of Apis mellifera. This review addresses
the interactions between the varroa mite, its environment, and the honey bee host, mediated …

Social insect colonies have evolved many collectively performed adaptations that reduce the
impact of infectious disease and that are expected to maximize their fitness. This colony …

Highlights•Honey bee colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including RNA
viruses.•The RNAi, Toll, Jak/Stat, and non-specific dsRNA mediated immune pathways have …

In the honey bee, genetically related colony members innately develop colony-specific
cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, which serve as pheromonal nestmate recognition cues. Yet …

Populations of pollinators are in decline worldwide. These declines are best documented in
honey bees and are due to a combination of stressors. In particular, pesticides have been …

Honey bee immune responses are composed of a complex suite of individual immune
mechanisms and special types of behavioral adaptations. The main focus of this paper is …

Microplastics (MPs) are growing and ubiquitous environmental pollutants and represent one
of the greatest contemporary challenges caused by human activities. Current research has …

Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect
colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease …

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are insects living in colonies with a complex social organization.
Their nest contains food stores in the form of honey and pollen, as well as the brood, the …

Populations of honey bees are declining throughout the world, with US beekeepers losing
30% of their colonies each winter. Though multiple factors are driving these colony losses, it …