In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is considered a powerful tool for novel gene
discovery and fine-tuned transcriptional profiling. The digital nature of RNA-seq is also …

Enzymes that phosphorylate, dephosphorylate, and ligate RNA 5′ and 3′ ends were
discovered more than half a century ago and were eventually shown to repair purposeful …

RtcB enzymes are RNA ligases that play essential roles in tRNA splicing, unfolded protein
response, and RNA repair. In metazoa, RtcB functions as part of a five-subunit tRNA ligase …

DNA and RNA ligases join 3′ OH and 5′ PO4 ends in polynucleotide substrates using a
three-step reaction mechanism that involves covalent modification of both the ligase enzyme …

The genome of bacteriophage T4 encodes three polynucleotide ligases, which seal the
backbone of nucleic acids during infection of host bacteria. The T4Dnl (T4 DNA ligase) and …

NAD+-dependent DNA ligases (LigA) are ubiquitous in bacteria and essential for growth.
Their distinctive substrate specificity and domain organization vis-a-vis human ATP …

Summary T4 RNA ligase 2 (Rnl2) and kinetoplastid RNA editing ligases exemplify a family
of RNA repair enzymes that seal 3′ OH/5′ PO 4 nicks in duplex RNAs via ligase …

Chlorella virus DNA ligase, the smallest eukaryotic ligase known, has pluripotent biological
activity and an intrinsic nick-sensing function, despite having none of the accessory domains …

RNA healing and sealing enzymes drive informational and stress response pathways
entailing repair of programmed 2′, 3′ cyclic PO 4/5′-OH breaks. Fungal, plant, and …