Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of
the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of …

Abstract The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect has been recognized as the
central paradigm in tumor-targeted delivery in the last decades. In the wake of this concept …

Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a
decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or …

Cancer progression often benefits from the selective conditions present in the tumour
microenvironment, such as the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) …

Radiotherapy (RT), besides cancer cells, also affects the tumor microenvironment (TME):
tumor blood vessels and cells of the immune system. It damages endothelial cells and …

Introduction The overall survival in patients with gliomas has not significantly increased in
the modern era, despite advances such as immunotherapy. This is in part due to their …

Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrate
various aspects of immunity. Within tumors, macrophages can reversibly alter their endotype …