Bifacial photovoltaics (BPVs) are a promising alternative to conventional monofacial
photovoltaics given their ability to exploit solar irradiance from both the front and rear sides …

Biological soil crusts are thin, inconspicuous communities along the soil atmosphere
ecotone that, until recently, were unrecognized by ecologists and even more so by …

The Great Wall of China, one of the most emblematic and historical structures built by
humankind throughout all of history, is suffering from rain and wind erosion and is largely …

Bryophytes, including the lineages of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, are the second‐
largest photoautotroph group on Earth. Recent work across terrestrial ecosystems has …

Biocrusts are photosynthetic biotic communities of cryptogams and microbes that aggregate
minerals at the soil surface in many ecosystems. Due to their high tolerance to harsh …

Surface albedo plays a controlling role in the surface energy budget, and albedo-induced
radiative forcing has a significant impact on climate and environmental change (eg, global …

As a crucial living skin inhabiting the soil-atmosphere interface, biocrusts play a vital role in
various soil properties and processes, especially surface soil pore structure and soil pore …

As ecosystem engineers in drylands, biocrusts possibly generate great influences on
surface soil water holding capacity and availability, but these effects have not yet been …

The urban heat island, is a serious threat for the urban well-being, and can be determined
by the local energy balance. The surface energy balance, with respect to incoming radiative …

As a crucial living feature inhabiting the soil–atmosphere boundary, biocrusts play a vital
role in liquid water or vapor transport through surface soil and thus have strong effects on …