Whenever a quantum system undergoes a cyclic evolution governed by a slow change of
parameters, it acquires a phase factor: the geometric phase. Its most common formulations …

Diffraction is a phenomenon related to the wave nature of light and arises when a
propagating wave comes across an obstacle. Consequently, the wave can be transformed in …

" This engagingly written text provides a useful pedagogical introduction to an extensive
class of geometrical phenomena in the optics of polarization and phase, including simple …

Both classical and quantum waves can form vortices: entities with helical phase fronts and
circulating current densities. These features determine the intrinsic orbital angular …

Interest in the multiple facets of optical vortices has flourished in the last three decades. This
review examines the basic research and applications of the interplay between optical …

We present a method to efficiently sort orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light using
two static optical elements. The optical elements perform a Cartesian to log-polar coordinate …

As they travel through space, some light beams rotate. Such light beams have angular
momentum. There are two particularly important ways in which a light beam can rotate: if …

The recent prediction and subsequent creation of electron vortex beams in a number of
laboratories occurred after almost 20 years had elapsed since the recognition of the physical …

Black or reflective particles can be trapped in the dark central minimum of a doughnut laser
beam produced using a high efficiency computer generated hologram. Such beams carry …

Vortex beams (also known as beams with a phase singularity) consist of spiralling
wavefronts that give rise to angular momentum around the propagation direction. Vortex …