Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone
marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and …

Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids.
They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the
extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are …

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They …

Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders caused by the imbalance
between bone formation and resorption, resulting in quantitative loss of bone tissue. Since …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently of tremendous interest in many research
disciplines and EVs have potential for development of EV diagnostics or therapeutics. Most …

Exosomes, the subclass of small membrane extracellular vesicles, have great diagnostic
and therapeutic potential, but the lack of standardized methods for their efficient isolation …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic
and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition …

Exosomes are nano‐sized bioactive vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter. They are secreted
by exocytosis of nearly all type of cells in to the extracellular fluid. Thereby, they can be …

The field of tissue engineering continues to advance, sometimes in exponential leaps
forward, but also sometimes at a rate that does not fulfill the promise that the field imagined a …