Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

The recent emergence and popularity of online educational resources brings with it
challenges for educators to optimize the dissemination of online content. Here we provide …

In recent years, cognitive and educational psychologists have become interested in applying
principles of cognitive psychology to education. Here, we discuss the importance of …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological
Bulletin on Oct 5 2020 (see record 2020-74925-001). In the article, the Appendix and …

In the last couple of years, there has been a dramatic increase in laboratory research
examining the benefits of recall testing on long-term learning and retention. This work was …

The declarative/procedural (DP) model posits that the learning, storage, and use of
language critically depend on two learning and memory systems in the brain: declarative …

In recent years evidence has accumulated showing that interim testing of studied information
facilitates learning and retrieval of new information—the forward testing effect. In the current …

In forward testing effects, taking a test enhances memory for subsequently studied material.
These effects have been observed for previously studied and tested items, a potentially item …

Proactive interference (PI) refers to the finding that memory for recently studied (target)
information can be vastly impaired by the previous study of other (nontarget) information. PI …