Abstract The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo
magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface …

Abstract The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of ESA was launched on 14 April 2023
and will arrive at Jupiter and its moons in July 2031. In this review article, we describe how …

Europa likely contains an iron‐rich metal core. For it to have formed, temperatures within
Europa reached 1250 K. Going up to that temperature, accreted chondritic minerals—for …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

The Galilean moons play major roles in the giant magnetosphere of Jupiter. At the same
time, the magnetospheric particles and fields affect the moons. The impact of …

Cassini revealed that Saturn's Moon Enceladus hosts a subsurface ocean that meets the
accepted criteria for habitability with bio-essential elements and compounds, liquid water …

A growing number of satellites in the outer solar system likely have global oceans beneath
their outer icy shells. While the presence of liquid water makes these ocean worlds …

Pressures in the hydrospheres of large ocean worlds extend to ranges exceeding those in
Earth deepest oceans. In this regime, dense water ices and other high-pressure phases …

Europa's ocean lies atop an interior made of metal and silicates. On the basis of gravity data
from the Galileo mission, many argued that Europa's interior, like Earth, is differentiated into …

Gibbs energy representations for ices II, III, V, and VI are reported. These were constructed
using new measurements of volumes at high pressure over a range of low temperatures …