Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

Post-acute infection syndromes may develop after acute viral disease. Infection with SARS-
CoV-2 can result in the development of a post-acute infection syndrome known as long …

COVID survivors frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms that resemble
cancer-therapy-related cognitive impairment, a syndrome for which white matter microglial …

Considerable research effort has been made worldwide to decipher the immune response
triggered upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections …

SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute respiratory distress and death in some patients. Although
severe COVID-19 is linked to substantial inflammation, how SARS-CoV-2 triggers …

Heatmap is a widely used statistical visualization method on matrix‐like data to reveal
similar patterns shared by subsets of rows and columns. In the R programming language …

The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-
CoV-2 infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

COVID-19, which is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by lung
pathology and extrapulmonary complications,. Type I interferons (IFNs) have an essential …