Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are serine/threonine kinases and their catalytic activities
are modulated by interactions with cyclins and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). Close cooperation …

First identified as cell cycle inhibitors mediating the growth inhibitory cues of upstream
signaling pathways, the cyclin-CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and …

Myostatin, a negative regulator of myogenesis, is shown to function by controlling the
proliferation of myoblasts. In this study we show that myostatin is an inhibitor of myoblast …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC s) exhibit phenotypic and functional plasticity in order
to respond to vascular injury. In case of the vessel damage, VSMC s are able to switch from …

Research in the past year has added to our understanding of the signalling systems that
specify myogenic identity in the embryo and of the regulation and roles of MyoD family …

MyoD controls myoblast identity and differentiation and is required for myogenic stem cell
function in adult skeletal muscle. MyoD is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway …

Introduction 3. Development and determination of the myogenic lineage 3.1. Somitogenesis:
formation of epaxial versus hypaxial musculature 3.2. The myogenic regulatory factors 3.2 …

The generation of neurons by progenitor cells involves the tight coordination of multiple
cellular activities, including cell cycle exit, initiation of neuronal differentiation, and cell …

A cluster of miR‐221/222 is a key player in vascular biology through exhibiting its effects on
vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). These miRNAs …

The cyclin/CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 belongs to the Cip/Kip family, with p21Cip1 and p27Kip1,
and is the least studied member of the family. Unlike the other family members, p57Kip2 has …