Pain is considered a multidimensional experience that embodies not merely sensation, but
also emotion and perception. As is appropriate for this complexity, pain is represented and …

The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor coordination and balance, also plays a
crucial role in various aspects of higher-order function and dysfunction. Emerging research …

Fear extinction is a biological process in which learned fear behavior diminishes without
anticipated reinforcement, allowing the organism to re-adapt to ever-changing situations …

In addition to its motor functions, the cerebellum is involved in emotional regulation, anxiety
and affect. We found that suppressing the firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) rapidly …

Fear learning is mediated by a large network of brain structures and the understanding of
their roles and interactions is constantly progressing. There is a multitude of anatomical and …

A central part of the domestication syndrome is a reduction in relative brain size. In chickens,
it has previously been shown that domesticated birds have smaller relative brain mass, but …

Two forms of plasticity, synaptic and intrinsic, are neural substrates for learning and memory.
Abnormalities in homeostatic plasticity cause severe neuropsychiatric diseases, such as …

The capacity of the brain to compensate for insults during development depends on the type
of cell loss, whereas the consequences of genetic mutations in the same neurons are …

Cognitive behavioral therapy, rooted in exposure therapy, is currently the primary approach
employed in the treatment of anxiety-related conditions, including post-traumatic stress …

The cerebellum has a large network of neurons that communicate with several brain
structures and participate in different functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the …