Real-world information is imperfect and is usually described in natural language (NL).
Moreover, this information is often partially reliable and a degree of reliability is also …

People make decisions based on their cognitive information about the objective world.
Zadeh's Z-number allows people to better express their cognition of the real world by …

Real-world decision problems in decision analysis, system analysis, economics, ecology,
and other fields are characterized by fuzziness and partial reliability of relevant information …

A wide class of problems in science and engineering requires mathematical formalization.
One of the important aspects in this regard is that we should account for various types of …

Real-world problems in decision analysis, economics, optimization and other fields are
characterized by fuzzy and partially reliable information. In this regard, Prof. Zadeh …

The majority of the existing decision theories, starting from von Neumann and Morgenstern
Expected Utility theory, are based on sound mathematical background and yielded good …

Uncertain computation is a system of computation and reasoning in which the objects of
computation are not values of variables but restrictions on values of variables. This …

A Z-number, which is a generalization of probability and fuzzy numbers, is a novel model to
represent uncertainty in the real world. This article aims to develop discrete Z-numbers in …

Real‐world decision relevant information is often partially reliable. The reasons are partial
reliability of the source of information, misperceptions, psychological biases, incompetence …

Decisions are based on information, and the reliability of information affects the quality of
decision-making. Z-number, produced by Zadeh, considers the fuzzy restriction and the …