Myocardial stretch elicits a rapid increase in developed force, which is mainly caused by an
increase in myofilament calcium sensitivity (Frank-Starling mechanism). Over the ensuing 10 …

Improved treatments for heart failure patients will require the development of novel
therapeutic strategies that target basal disease mechanisms. Disrupted cardiomyocyte Ca2+ …

The Na+ gradient produced across the cardiac sarcolemma by the ATP-dependent Na+-
pump is a constant source of energy for Na+-dependent transporters. The plasma …

Mitochondria represent major sources of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of
the cardiomyocyte. The role of ROS as signaling molecules that mediate different …

Na–H exchange (NHE) is the primary process by which the cardiac cell extrudes protons
particularly under conditions of intracellular acidosis. Nine isoforms of NHE have now been …

The mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger is a pH regulatory membrane protein that uses the
sodium gradient to translocate one intracellular proton in exchange for one extracellular …

Background—Ginseng is a medicinal plant used widely in Asia that has gained popularity in
the West during the past decade. Increasing evidence suggests a therapeutic role for …

Abstract Aim Myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger‐1 (NHE‐1) hyperactivity and oxidative stress
are interrelated phenomena playing pivotal roles in the development of pathological cardiac …

Reactive cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an increase in heart mass in response to
hemodynamic overload. Exercise-induced CH emerges as an adaptive response with …

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the major cause of mortality. Estrogens (E) exert multiple CV
and neuroprotective effects. During menopause, CV and cognitive pathologies increase …