One of the oldest problems in evolutionary biology remains largely unsolved. Which
mutations generate evolutionarily relevant phenotypic variation? What kinds of molecular …

Background WOX (Wuschel-like homeobOX) genes form a family of plant-specific
HOMEODOMAIN transcription factors, the members of which play important developmental …

Summary In Drosophila melanogaster, Hox genes are organized in an anterior and a
posterior cluster, called Antennapedia complex and bithorax complex, located on the same …

The mechanisms underlying the evolution of morphology are poorly understood,. Distantly
related taxa sometimes exhibit correlations between morphological differences and patterns …

Significant changes have occurred in the developmental role of Hox genes, even within
groups of arthropods that already have complex body plans and many different segment …

BACKGROUND Homeobox (HOX)-containing proteins have been identified as regulators
controlling the coordinated expression of genes involved in development and differentiation …

HOX transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in many different species and are
involved in important cellular processes such as morphogenesis, differentiation, and …

In vertebrates, neurons often undergo apoptosis after differentiating and extending their
axons. By contrast, in the develo** nervous system of invertebrate embryos apoptosis …

The Trilobita were characterized by a cephalic region in which the biomineralized
exoskeleton showed relatively high morphological differentiation among a taxonomically …

Segmented organisms have serially repeated structures [1] that become specialized in some
segments [2]. We show here that the Drosophila corpora allata, prothoracic glands, and …