The applications of hydrogels have expanded significantly due to their versatile, highly
tunable properties and breakthroughs in biomaterial technologies. In this review, we cover …

Bones play an important role in maintaining exercise and protecting organs. Bone defect, as
a common orthopedic disease in clinics, can cause tremendous damage with long treatment …

Globally, bone fractures due to osteoporosis occur every 20 s in people aged over 50 years.
The significant healthcare costs required to manage this problem are further exacerbated by …

Tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed extensively as a potential solution to the
worldwide shortages of donor organs needed for transplantation. Over the years, numerous …

Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many
applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview …

Porous scaffolds are widely used in biomedical applications where pore size and
morphology influence a range of biological processes, including mass transfer of solutes …

The sol–gel derived porous bioactive glasses have drawn worldwide attention by virtue of
the convenience and flexibility of this versatile synthesis method. In this review, the recent …

Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D)
scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth …

The pore architecture of porous scaffolds is a critical factor in osteogenesis, but it is a
challenge to precisely configure strut-based scaffolds because of the inevitable filament …

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in the form of hydrogels stand out as a platform biomaterial in
bioink formulation for 3D printing because of their low cytotoxicity and structural similarity to …