Plastids (chloroplasts) have long been recognized to have originated by endosymbiosis of a
cyanobacterium, but their subsequent evolutionary history has proved complex because …

I discuss how different feeding modes and related cellular structures map onto the eukaryote
evolutionary tree. Centrally important for understanding eukaryotic cell diversity are …

In 1981 I established kingdom Chromista, distinguished from Plantae because of its more
complex chloroplast-associated membrane topology and rigid tubular multipartite ciliary …

Rhodophyta (red algae) is one of three lineages of Archaeplastida, a supergroup that is
united by the primary endosymbiotic origin of plastids in eukaryotes,. Red algae are a …

The study of molluscan immune systems, in particular those of bivalve molluscs (eg, clams,
oysters, scallops, mussels), has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly due to …

This review assesses and examines the work conducted to date concerning host and
parasite interactions between marine bivalve molluscs and protozoan parasites, belonging …

Background The molecular evolution of organellar genomes in angiosperms has been
studied extensively, with some lineages, such as parasitic ones, displaying unique …

Algae with secondary plastids of a red algal origin, such as ochrophytes (photosynthetic
stramenopiles), are diverse and ecologically important, yet their evolutionary history remains …

Polytomella spp. are free-living, nonphotosynthetic green algae closely related to the model
organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Although colorless, Polytomella spp. have a plastid …

Organelle gain through endosymbiosis has been integral to the origin and diversification of
eukaryotes, and, once gained, plastids and mitochondria seem seldom lost. Indeed …