The next generation (NG) optical technologies will unveil certain unique features, namely
ultra-high data rate, broadband multiple services, scalable bandwidth, and flexible …

Radio frequency (RF) is perceived as one of the most popular wireless transmission
candidate in the last decade however due to ever-increasing current generation bandwidth …

Free space optics (FSO) is considered among the emerging technological innovations which
are currently being utilized to supersede radio frequency (RF) communication because of its …

Free space optical (FSO) communication offers huge bandwidth, license-free spectrum and
a more secure channel. PIN diodes are normally used for detection, but avalanche …

A dramatic increase in user and capacity demands has been noted after the COVID-19
pandemic. These challenges have damaged the 5G communication system mobility …

In this paper, the integrated free‐space optics (FSO) and fiber optic model is evaluated using
new radio (NR) sub‐THz link to sustain next generation 5G capacity. The proposed …

FSO (free space optical) communication holds emanated position in the role of propitious
innovation with exorbitant-speed using the data transmission mechanism without the wire …

Enhanced bandwidth issues for 5G system are fruitfully resolved by organizing free space
optics (FSO) communication frameworks. The high bandwidth, the maximum number of …

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have emerged as a promising technology to enhance
link reliability in a cost-effective manner, especially for line-of-sight (LOS) link blocking …

With the impetuous surge in the bandwidth hungry applications during the past few years,
high-capacity communication systems are essential to satisfy the exigency of 5@@ sup …