Commitments to net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets
now cover 88% of countries' emissions. Underlying the accounting behind net-zero …

Current mitigation efforts and existing future commitments are inadequate to accomplish the
Paris Agreement temperature goals. In light of this, research and debate are intensifying on …

ES 6: 3-5 Replace “It is unequivocal that emissions of the well-mixed greenhouse gases
(GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) from human activities …

The total emission mitigation potential achievable by the year 2030, calculated based on
sectoral assessments, is sufficient to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to half of the …

The Paris Agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5–2° C compared to pre-
industrial levels by 2100 will still heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and …

This chapter takes sustainable development as the starting point and focus for analysis. It
considers the broad and multifaceted bi-directional interplay between sustainable …

Humankind will need to remove hundreds of gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere by the end of the twenty-first century to keep global warming below 2° C within …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Ocean biogeochemical models describe the ocean's circulation, physical properties,
biogeochemical properties and their transformations using coupled differential equations …

Anthropogenic climate change profoundly alters the ocean's environmental conditions,
which, in turn, impact marine ecosystems. Some of these changes are happening fast and …