The signaling effect states that learners profit from cues that highlight the organization of
specific relevant information within materials. This meta-analysis includes 103 studies and …

Multimedia pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that allow users to navigate or
learn in multimedia environments. Several agents' characteristics may moderate their …

In an effort to enhance instruction and reach more students, educators design engaging
online learning experiences, often in the form of online videos. While many instructional …

The signaling principle recommends emphasizing relevant aspects of a multimedia
message by means of signals (eg, color coding). We determined the effectiveness of signals …

The main objective of this study is to determine whether boys and girls learn better when the
characteristics of the pedagogical agent are matched to the gender of the learner while …

A pedagogical agent is an anthropomorphic virtual character used in an online learning
environment to serve instructional purposes. The design of pedagogical agents changes …

Previous studies have shown that students learn better from an online lesson when a
gesturing pedagogical agent is added (Mayer & DaPra, 2012; Wang, Li, Mayer, & Liu, 2018) …

Technological advancements have recently enabled researchers to build increasingly
human-like agents with many of these agents being used for educational purposes. Despite …

The current paper investigates an essential design component of virtual humans, the voice
they communicate with, by examining the impact of varied voice types. A standard voice …

A meta-analysis consisting of 20 experiments (N= 3841) on the influence of pedagogical
agent (PA) gesturing in multimedia environments revealed that gestures have a small-to …