Gap genes are involved in segment determination during the early development of the fruit
fly Drosophila melanogaster as well as in other insects. This review attempts to synthesize …

Understanding the head is one of the great challenges in the fields of comparative anatomy,
developmental biology, and palaeontology of arthropods. Numerous conflicting views and …

A marine ecosystem model seeded with many phytoplankton types, whose physiological
traits were randomly assigned from ranges defined by field and laboratory data, generated …

All insects in the order Hymenoptera have haplodiploid sex determination, in which males
emerge from haploid unfertilized eggs and females are diploid. Sex determination in the …

Abstract The Bicoid (Bcd) gradient in Drosophila has long been a model for the action of a
morphogen in establishing embryonic polarity. However, it is now clear that bcd is a unique …

The revolutionary RNA-guided endonuclease CRISPR/Cas9 system has proven to be a
powerful tool for gene editing in a plethora of organisms. Here, utilizing this system we …

Extraembryonic development is familiar to mouse researchers, but the term is largely
unknown among insect developmental geneticists. This is not surprising, as the model …

The current insect genome sequencing projects provide an opportunity to extend studies of
the evolution of developmental genes and pathways in insects. In this paper we examine the …

Insects determine their body segments in two different ways. Short-germband insects, such
as the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, use a molecular clock to establish segments …

Maternal transmission of intracellular microbes is pivotal in establishing long-term, intimate
symbioses. For germline microbes that exert negative reproductive effects on their hosts …