Using personnel data from nine large firms in three industries (call centers, trucking, and
high-tech), we empirically assess the benefit to firms of hiring through employee referrals …

An extensive literature finds that while teachers vary considerably in initial quality there are
limited teacher quality dynamics: except for the first few years of teaching, teacher quality …

We study the relation between workers' skill dispersion and firm productivity using a unique
data set of Italian manufacturing firms with individual records on all their workers. Our …

Employees who work in complex environments are often evaluated by their supervisors.
Data on these evaluations promise to be valuable for analyzing career dynamics and human …

We study how heterogeneity in performance evaluations across supervisors affects
employee and supervisor careers and firm outcomes using data on the performance system …

The relationships of worker characteristics and productivity are examined using a matched
worker-plant data set from Finnish manufacturing. The panel data are used for estimating …

It is widely believed that wage and productivity profiles of individual workers do not coincide
at all ages. We give an overview of the theories which provide a rationale for this, and …

Flexible retirement–that is, the opportunity to choose one's own personal retirement age–is a
hedge against pension risk and provides insurance to workers facing health or productivity …

We use detailed information on individual absent spells of all employees in 4140 firms in
Denmark to show large differences in average absenteeism across firms. Using employees …

The bad labour market performance of the workforce over 50 indicates that an aged
workforce is often a burden for firms. Our paper seeks to investigate whether and why this is …