Almost all outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria contain a β-barrel
domain that spans the outer membrane (OM). To reach the OM, OMPs must be translocated …

Envelope biogenesis and homeostasis in gram-negative bacteria are exceptionally intricate
processes that require a multitude of periplasmic chaperones to ensure cellular survival …

Neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease is correlated with the occurrence of
Lewy bodies—intracellular inclusions that contain aggregates of the intrinsically disordered …

Biomolecules are in constant motion. To understand how they function, and why
malfunctions can cause disease, it is necessary to describe their three-dimensional …

Gram-negative bacteria contain a double membrane which serves for both protection and for
providing nutrients for viability. The outermost of these membranes is called the outer …

The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) is a∼ 203 kDa complex of five proteins (BamA–E),
which is essential for viability in E. coli. BAM promotes the folding and insertion of β-barrel …

Introduction Molecular chaperones prevent aggregation and misfolding of proteins in the
cellular environment and are thus central to maintaining protein homeostasis. Molecular …

Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones work synergistically in a wide range of biological processes
including protein synthesis, membrane translocation, and folding. We used nuclear …

Secretion systems are protein export machines that enable bacteria to exploit their
environment through the release of protein effectors. The Type 9 Secretion System (T9SS) is …

Molecular chaperones act on non-native proteins in the cell to prevent their aggregation,
premature folding or misfolding. Different chaperones often exert distinct effects, such as …