Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with
excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1, 2). Anemia is common among those …

Clinical development of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) revolutionized the
management of anemia. The major clinical benefits of ESAs are effective treatment of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health problem in the world and anemia is a
common complication. Anemia conveys significant risk for cardiovascular disease, faster …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that is mainly produced in the adult kidney, and it was
initially highlighted for its action on the hematopoietic system. Moreover, EPO is also …

Background: CERA, a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator, is in development to
provide anemia correction and stable maintenance of hemoglobin (Hb) levels at extended …

Since the isolation and purification of erythropoietin (EPO) in 1977, the essential role of EPO
for mature red blood cell production has been well established. The cloning of the EPO gene …

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has proven to be remarkably safe and effective
for treatment of anemias, primarily those secondary to renal disease and malignancy …

Background Anaemia affects 60% to 80% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
reduces quality of life and is a risk factor for early death. Treatment options are blood …

Treatment for anemia has come a long way in the last 20 years since the first recombinant
human erythropoietins were licensed for the management of anemia in chronic kidney …

BACKGROUND: CERA (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta), a continuous
erythropoietin receptor activator, was developed to provide stable control of hemoglobin …